# -*- coding: utf-8
"""Module of class Connection and class Ref.
This file is part of project TESPy (github.com/oemof/tespy). It's copyrighted
by the contributors recorded in the version control history of the file,
available from its original location tespy/connections/connection.py
SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
"""
import numpy as np
from tespy.components.component import Component
from tespy.tools import fluid_properties as fp
from tespy.tools import logger
from tespy.tools.data_containers import DataContainer as dc
from tespy.tools.data_containers import FluidComposition as dc_flu
from tespy.tools.data_containers import FluidProperties as dc_prop
from tespy.tools.data_containers import ReferencedFluidProperties as dc_ref
from tespy.tools.data_containers import SimpleDataContainer as dc_simple
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import CoolPropWrapper
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import Q_mix_ph
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import T_mix_ph
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import T_sat_p
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import dh_mix_dpQ
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import dT_mix_dph
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import dT_mix_pdh
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import dT_sat_dp
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import dv_mix_dph
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import dv_mix_pdh
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import h_mix_pQ
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import h_mix_pT
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import s_mix_ph
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import v_mix_ph
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties import viscosity_mix_ph
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties.functions import dT_mix_ph_dfluid
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties.functions import p_sat_T
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties.helpers import get_mixture_temperature_range
from tespy.tools.fluid_properties.helpers import get_number_of_fluids
from tespy.tools.global_vars import ERR
from tespy.tools.global_vars import fluid_property_data as fpd
from tespy.tools.helpers import TESPyConnectionError
from tespy.tools.helpers import TESPyNetworkError
from tespy.tools.helpers import convert_from_SI
[docs]
class Connection:
r"""
Class connection is the container for fluid properties between components.
Parameters
----------
m : float, tespy.connections.connection.Ref
Mass flow specification.
m0 : float
Starting value specification for mass flow.
p : float, tespy.connections.connection.Ref
Pressure specification.
p0 : float
Starting value specification for pressure.
h : float, tespy.connections.connection.Ref
Enthalpy specification.
h0 : float
Starting value specification for enthalpy.
fluid : dict
Fluid compostition specification.
fluid0 : dict
Starting value specification for fluid compostition.
fluid_balance : boolean
Fluid balance equation specification.
x : float
Gas phase mass fraction specification.
T : float, tespy.connections.connection.Ref
Temperature specification.
Td_bp : float
Temperature difference to boiling point at pressure corresponding
pressure of this connection in K.
v : float
Volumetric flow specification.
state : str
State of the pure fluid on this connection: liquid ('l') or gaseous
('g').
design : list
List containing design parameters (stated as string).
offdesign : list
List containing offdesign parameters (stated as string).
design_path : str
Path to individual design case for this connection.
local_offdesign : boolean
Treat this connection in offdesign mode in a design calculation.
local_design : boolean
Treat this connection in design mode in an offdesign calculation.
printout : boolean
Include this connection in the network's results printout.
label : str
Label of the connection. The default value is:
:code:`'source:source_id_target:target_id'`.
Note
----
- The fluid balance parameter applies a balancing of the fluid vector on
the specified conntion to 100 %. For example, you have four fluid
components (a, b, c and d) in your vector, you set two of them
(a and b) and want the other two (components c and d) to be a result of
your calculation. If you set this parameter to True, the equation
(0 = 1 - a - b - c - d) will be applied.
- The specification of values for design and/or offdesign is used for
automatic switch from design to offdesign calculation: All parameters
given in 'design', e.g. :code:`design=['T', 'p']`, are unset in any
offdesign calculation, parameters given in 'offdesign' are set for
offdesign calculation.
Example
-------
This example shows how to create connections and specify parameters. First
create the required components and connect them in the next step. After
that, it is possible specify parameters with the :code:`set_attr` method.
>>> from tespy.components import Sink, Source
>>> from tespy.connections import Connection, Ref
>>> import numpy as np
>>> so1 = Source('source1')
>>> so2 = Source('source2')
>>> si1 = Sink('sink1')
>>> si2 = Sink('sink2')
>>> so_si1 = Connection(so1, 'out1', si1, 'in1', label='connection 1')
>>> so_si2 = Connection(so2, 'out1', si2, 'in1')
>>> so_si1.label
'connection 1'
>>> so_si2.label
'source2:out1_sink2:in1'
There are different ways of setting parameters on connections: Specify
- a numeric value (for attributes mass flow, pressure and enthalpy)
- a numeric starting value (for attributes mass flow, pressure and
enthalpy)
- a dictionary (for attributes fluid and fluid0)
- a boolean value (for attributes fluid_balance, local_design,
local_offdesign).
- a referenced value (mass flow, pressure, temperature, enthalpy).
- numpy.nan or None (unsetting a value).
- a string (for attributes design_path and state).
- a list (for attributes design and offdesign).
>>> so_si1.set_attr(v=0.012, m0=10, p=5, h=400, fluid={'H2O': 1})
>>> so_si2.set_attr(m=Ref(so_si1, 2, -5), h0=700, T=200,
... fluid={'N2': 1}, fluid_balance=True,
... design=['T'], offdesign=['m', 'v'])
The set_attr method automatically converts your input in data_container
information.
>>> type(so_si1.v)
<class 'tespy.tools.data_containers.FluidProperties'>
>>> type(so_si1.fluid)
<class 'tespy.tools.data_containers.FluidComposition'>
If you want get a spcific value use the logic: connection.property.*.
Aditionally, it is possible to use the :code:`get_attr` method.
>>> so_si1.m.val0
10
>>> so_si1.m.is_set
False
>>> so_si1.m.get_attr('is_set')
False
>>> type(so_si2.m_ref.ref)
<class 'tespy.connections.connection.Ref'>
>>> so_si2.fluid_balance.is_set
True
>>> so_si2.m_ref.ref.get_attr('delta')
-5
>>> so_si2.m_ref.is_set
True
>>> type(so_si2.m_ref.ref.get_attr('obj'))
<class 'tespy.connections.connection.Connection'>
Unset the specified temperature and specify temperature difference to
boiling point instead.
>>> so_si2.T.is_set
True
>>> so_si2.set_attr(Td_bp=5, T=None)
>>> so_si2.T.is_set
False
>>> so_si2.Td_bp.val
5
>>> so_si2.set_attr(Td_bp=None)
>>> so_si2.Td_bp.is_set
False
Specify the state keyword: The fluid will be forced to liquid or gaseous
state in this case.
>>> so_si2.set_attr(state='l')
>>> so_si2.state.is_set
True
>>> so_si2.set_attr(state=None)
>>> so_si2.state.is_set
False
>>> so_si2.set_attr(state='g')
>>> so_si2.state.is_set
True
>>> so_si2.set_attr(state=None)
>>> so_si2.state.is_set
False
"""
def __init__(self, source, outlet_id, target, inlet_id,
label=None, **kwargs):
self._check_types(source, target)
self._check_self_connect(source, target)
self._check_connector_id(source, outlet_id, source.outlets())
self._check_connector_id(target, inlet_id, target.inlets())
self.label = f"{source.label}:{outlet_id}_{target.label}:{inlet_id}"
if label is not None:
self.label = label
if not isinstance(label, str):
msg = "Please provide the label as string."
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
# set specified values
self.source = source
self.source_id = outlet_id
self.target = target
self.target_id = inlet_id
# defaults
self.new_design = True
self.design_path = None
self.design = []
self.offdesign = []
self.local_design = False
self.local_offdesign = False
self.printout = True
# set default values for kwargs
self.property_data = self.get_parameters()
self.parameters = {
k: v for k, v in self.get_parameters().items()
if hasattr(v, "func") and v.func is not None
}
self.state = dc_simple()
self.property_data0 = [x + '0' for x in self.property_data.keys()]
self.__dict__.update(self.property_data)
self.mixing_rule = None
msg = (
f"Created connection from {self.source.label} ({self.source_id}) "
f"to {self.target.label} ({self.target_id})."
)
logger.debug(msg)
self.set_attr(**kwargs)
def _check_types(self, source, target):
# check input parameters
if not (isinstance(source, Component) and
isinstance(target, Component)):
msg = (
"Error creating connection. Check if source and target are "
"tespy.components."
)
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
def _check_self_connect(self, source, target):
if source == target:
msg = (
"Error creating connection. Cannot connect component "
f"{source.label} to itself."
)
logger.error(msg)
raise TESPyConnectionError(msg)
def _check_connector_id(self, component, connector_id, connecter_locations):
if connector_id not in connecter_locations:
msg = (
"Error creating connection. Specified connector for "
f"{component.label} ({connector_id}) is not available. Choose "
f"from " + ", ".join(connecter_locations) + "."
)
logger.error(msg)
raise ValueError(msg)
[docs]
def set_attr(self, **kwargs):
r"""
Set, reset or unset attributes of a connection.
Parameters
----------
m : float, tespy.connections.connection.Ref
Mass flow specification.
m0 : float
Starting value specification for mass flow.
p : float, tespy.connections.connection.Ref
Pressure specification.
p0 : float
Starting value specification for pressure.
h : float, tespy.connections.connection.Ref
Enthalpy specification.
h0 : float
Starting value specification for enthalpy.
fluid : dict
Fluid composition specification.
fluid0 : dict
Starting value specification for fluid composition.
fluid_balance : boolean
Fluid balance equation specification.
x : float
Gas phase mass fraction specification.
T : float, tespy.connections.connection.Ref
Temperature specification.
Td_bp : float
Temperature difference to boiling point at pressure corresponding
pressure of this connection in K.
v : float
Volumetric flow specification.
state : str
State of the pure fluid on this connection: liquid ('l') or gaseous
('g').
design : list
List containing design parameters (stated as string).
offdesign : list
List containing offdesign parameters (stated as string).
design_path : str
Path to individual design case for this connection.
local_offdesign : boolean
Treat this connection in offdesign mode in a design calculation.
local_design : boolean
Treat this connection in design mode in an offdesign calculation.
printout : boolean
Include this connection in the network's results printout.
Note
----
- The fluid balance parameter applies a balancing of the fluid vector
on the specified connection to 100 %. For example, you have four
fluid components (a, b, c and d) in your vector, you set two of them
(a and b) and want the other two (components c and d) to be a result
of your calculation. If you set this parameter to True, the equation
(0 = 1 - a - b - c - d) will be applied.
- The specification of values for design and/or offdesign is used for
automatic switch from design to offdesign calculation: All parameters
given in 'design', e.g. :code:`design=['T', 'p']`, are unset in any
offdesign calculation, parameters given in 'offdesign' are set for
offdesign calculation.
- The property state is applied on pure fluids only. If you specify the
desired state of the fluid at a connection the convergence check will
adjust the enthalpy values of that connection for the first
iterations in order to meet the state requirement.
"""
# set specified values
for key in kwargs:
if key == 'label':
msg = 'Label can only be specified on instance creation.'
logger.error(msg)
raise TESPyConnectionError(msg)
elif 'fluid' in key:
self._fluid_specification(key, kwargs[key])
elif key in self.property_data or key in self.property_data0:
self._parameter_specification(key, kwargs[key])
elif key == 'state':
if kwargs[key] in ['l', 'g']:
self.state.set_attr(val=kwargs[key], is_set=True)
elif kwargs[key] is None:
self.state.set_attr(is_set=False)
else:
msg = (
'Keyword argument "state" must either be '
'"l" or "g" or be None.'
)
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
# design/offdesign parameter list
elif key in ['design', 'offdesign']:
if not isinstance(kwargs[key], list):
msg = f"Please provide the {key} parameters as list!"
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
elif set(kwargs[key]).issubset(self.property_data.keys()):
self.__dict__.update({key: kwargs[key]})
else:
params = ', '.join(self.property_data.keys())
msg = (
"Available parameters for (off-)design specification "
f"are: {params}."
)
logger.error(msg)
raise ValueError(msg)
# design path
elif key == 'design_path':
if isinstance(kwargs[key], str) or kwargs[key] is None:
self.__dict__.update({key: kwargs[key]})
self.new_design = True
else:
msg = "Provide the a string or None for 'design_path'."
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
# other boolean keywords
elif key in ['printout', 'local_design', 'local_offdesign']:
if not isinstance(kwargs[key], bool):
msg = ('Please provide the ' + key + ' as boolean.')
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
else:
self.__dict__.update({key: kwargs[key]})
elif key == "mixing_rule":
self.mixing_rule = kwargs[key]
# invalid keyword
else:
msg = 'Connection has no attribute ' + key + '.'
logger.error(msg)
raise KeyError(msg)
def _fluid_specification(self, key, value):
self._check_fluid_datatypes(key, value)
if key == "fluid":
for fluid, fraction in value.items():
if "::" in fluid:
back_end, fluid = fluid.split("::")
else:
back_end = None
if fraction is None:
if fluid in self.fluid.is_set:
self.fluid.is_set.remove(fluid)
self.fluid.is_var.add(fluid)
else:
self.fluid.val[fluid] = fraction
self.fluid.is_set.add(fluid)
if fluid in self.fluid.is_var:
self.fluid.is_var.remove(fluid)
self.fluid.back_end[fluid] = back_end
elif key == "fluid0":
self.fluid.val0.update(value)
elif key == "fluid_engines":
self.fluid.engine = value
elif key == "fluid_balance":
self.fluid_balance.is_set = value
else:
msg = f"Connections do not have an attribute named {key}"
logger.error(msg)
raise KeyError(msg)
def _check_fluid_datatypes(self, key, value):
if key == "fluid_balance":
if not isinstance(value, bool):
msg = "Datatype for 'fluid_balance' must be boolean."
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
else:
if not isinstance(value, dict):
msg = "Datatype for fluid vector specification must be dict."
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
def _parameter_specification(self, key, value):
try:
float(value)
is_numeric = True
except (TypeError, ValueError):
is_numeric = False
if value is None:
self.get_attr(key).set_attr(is_set=False)
if f"{key}_ref" in self.property_data:
self.get_attr(f"{key}_ref").set_attr(is_set=False)
if key in ["m", "p", "h"]:
self.get_attr(key).is_var = True
elif is_numeric:
# value specification
if key in self.property_data:
self.get_attr(key).set_attr(is_set=True, val=value)
if key in ["m", "p", "h"]:
self.get_attr(key).is_var = False
# starting value specification
else:
self.get_attr(key.replace('0', '')).set_attr(val0=value)
# reference object
elif isinstance(value, Ref):
if f"{key}_ref" not in self.property_data:
msg = f"Referencing {key} is not implemented."
logger.error(msg)
raise NotImplementedError(msg)
else:
self.get_attr(f"{key}_ref").set_attr(ref=value)
self.get_attr(f"{key}_ref").set_attr(is_set=True)
# invalid datatype for keyword
else:
msg = f"Wrong datatype for keyword argument {key}."
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
[docs]
def get_attr(self, key):
r"""
Get the value of a connection's attribute.
Parameters
----------
key : str
The attribute you want to retrieve.
Returns
-------
out :
Specified attribute.
"""
if key in self.__dict__:
return self.__dict__[key]
else:
msg = 'Connection has no attribute \"' + key + '\".'
logger.error(msg)
raise KeyError(msg)
def _serialize(self):
export = {}
export.update({"source": self.source.label})
export.update({"target": self.target.label})
for k in self._serializable():
export.update({k: self.get_attr(k)})
for k in self.property_data:
data = self.get_attr(k)
export.update({k: data._serialize()})
export.update({"state": self.state._serialize()})
return {self.label: export}
@staticmethod
def _serializable():
return [
"source_id", "target_id",
"design_path", "design", "offdesign", "local_design", "local_design",
"printout", "mixing_rule"
]
def _create_fluid_wrapper(self):
for fluid in self.fluid.val:
if fluid in self.fluid.wrapper:
continue
if fluid not in self.fluid.engine:
self.fluid.engine[fluid] = CoolPropWrapper
back_end = None
if fluid in self.fluid.back_end:
back_end = self.fluid.back_end[fluid]
else:
self.fluid.back_end[fluid] = None
self.fluid.wrapper[fluid] = self.fluid.engine[fluid](fluid, back_end)
[docs]
def preprocess(self):
self.num_eq = 0
self.it = 0
self.equations = {}
for parameter in self.parameters:
container = self.get_attr(parameter)
if container.is_set and not container._solved:
self.equations[self.num_eq] = parameter
self.num_eq += self.parameters[parameter].num_eq
elif container._solved:
container._solved = False
self.residual = np.zeros(self.num_eq)
self.jacobian = {}
[docs]
def simplify_specifications(self):
systemvar_specs = []
nonsystemvar_specs = []
for name, container in self.property_data.items():
if container.is_set:
if name in ["m", "p", "h"]:
systemvar_specs += [name]
elif name in ["T", "x", "Td_bp", "v"]:
nonsystemvar_specs += [name]
specs = set(systemvar_specs + nonsystemvar_specs)
num_specs = len(specs)
if num_specs > 3:
inputs = ", ".join(specs)
msg = (
"You have specified more than 3 parameters for the connection "
f"{self.label} with a known fluid compoistion: {inputs}. This "
"overdetermines the state of the fluid."
)
raise TESPyNetworkError(msg)
if not self.h.is_set and self.p.is_set:
if self.T.is_set:
self.h.val_SI = h_mix_pT(self.p.val_SI, self.T.val_SI, self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule)
self.h._solved = True
self.T._solved = True
elif self.Td_bp.is_set:
T_sat = T_sat_p(self.p.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
self.h.val_SI = h_mix_pT(self.p.val_SI, T_sat + self.Td_bp.val, self.fluid_data)
self.h._solved = True
self.Td_bp._solved = True
elif self.x.is_set:
self.h.val_SI = h_mix_pQ(self.p.val_SI, self.x.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
self.h._solved = True
self.x._solved = True
elif not self.h.is_set and not self.p.is_set:
if self.T.is_set and self.x.is_set:
self.p.val_SI = p_sat_T(self.T.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
self.h.val_SI = h_mix_pQ(self.p.val_SI, self.x.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
self.T._solved = True
self.x._solved = True
self.p._solved = True
self.h._solved = True
[docs]
def get_parameters(self):
return {
"m": dc_prop(is_var=True),
"p": dc_prop(is_var=True),
"h": dc_prop(is_var=True),
"vol": dc_prop(),
"s": dc_prop(),
"fluid": dc_flu(),
"fluid_balance": dc_simple(
func=self.fluid_balance_func, deriv=self.fluid_balance_deriv,
val=False, num_eq=1
),
"T": dc_prop(func=self.T_func, deriv=self.T_deriv, num_eq=1),
"v": dc_prop(func=self.v_func, deriv=self.v_deriv, num_eq=1),
"x": dc_prop(func=self.x_func, deriv=self.x_deriv, num_eq=1),
"Td_bp": dc_prop(
func=self.Td_bp_func, deriv=self.Td_bp_deriv, num_eq=1
),
"m_ref": dc_ref(
func=self.primary_ref_func, deriv=self.primary_ref_deriv,
num_eq=1, func_params={"variable": "m"}
),
"p_ref": dc_ref(
func=self.primary_ref_func, deriv=self.primary_ref_deriv,
num_eq=1, func_params={"variable": "p"}
),
"h_ref": dc_ref(
func=self.primary_ref_func, deriv=self.primary_ref_deriv,
num_eq=1, func_params={"variable": "h"}
),
"T_ref": dc_ref(
func=self.T_ref_func, deriv=self.T_ref_deriv, num_eq=1
),
"v_ref": dc_ref(
func=self.v_ref_func, deriv=self.v_ref_deriv, num_eq=1
),
}
[docs]
def build_fluid_data(self):
self.fluid_data = {
fluid: {
"wrapper": self.fluid.wrapper[fluid],
"mass_fraction": self.fluid.val[fluid]
} for fluid in self.fluid.val
}
[docs]
def primary_ref_func(self, k, **kwargs):
variable = kwargs["variable"]
self.get_attr(variable)
ref = self.get_attr(f"{variable}_ref").ref
self.residual[k] = (
self.get_attr(variable).val_SI
- (ref.obj.get_attr(variable).val_SI * ref.factor + ref.delta_SI)
)
[docs]
def primary_ref_deriv(self, k, **kwargs):
variable = kwargs["variable"]
ref = self.get_attr(f"{variable}_ref").ref
if self.get_attr(variable).is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.get_attr(variable).J_col] = 1
if ref.obj.get_attr(variable).is_var:
self.jacobian[k, ref.obj.get_attr(variable).J_col] = -ref.factor
[docs]
def calc_T(self, T0=None):
if T0 is None:
T0 = self.T.val_SI
return T_mix_ph(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule, T0=T0)
[docs]
def T_func(self, k, **kwargs):
self.residual[k] = self.calc_T() - self.T.val_SI
[docs]
def T_deriv(self, k, **kwargs):
if self.p.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.p.J_col] = (
dT_mix_dph(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule, self.T.val_SI)
)
if self.h.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.h.J_col] = (
dT_mix_pdh(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule, self.T.val_SI)
)
for fluid in self.fluid.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.fluid.J_col[fluid]] = dT_mix_ph_dfluid(
self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, fluid, self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule
)
[docs]
def T_ref_func(self, k, **kwargs):
ref = self.T_ref.ref
self.residual[k] = (
self.calc_T() - (ref.obj.calc_T() * ref.factor + ref.delta_SI)
)
[docs]
def T_ref_deriv(self, k, **kwargs):
# first part of sum is identical to direct temperature specification
self.T_deriv(k, **kwargs)
ref = self.T_ref.ref
if ref.obj.p.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, ref.obj.p.J_col] = -(
dT_mix_dph(ref.obj.p.val_SI, ref.obj.h.val_SI, ref.obj.fluid_data, ref.obj.mixing_rule)
) * ref.factor
if ref.obj.h.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, ref.obj.h.J_col] = -(
dT_mix_pdh(ref.obj.p.val_SI, ref.obj.h.val_SI, ref.obj.fluid_data, ref.obj.mixing_rule)
) * ref.factor
for fluid in ref.obj.fluid.is_var:
if not self._increment_filter[ref.obj.fluid.J_col[fluid]]:
self.jacobian[k, ref.obj.fluid.J_col[fluid]] = -dT_mix_ph_dfluid(
ref.obj.p.val_SI, ref.obj.h.val_SI, fluid, ref.obj.fluid_data, ref.obj.mixing_rule
)
[docs]
def calc_viscosity(self, T0=None):
try:
return viscosity_mix_ph(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule, T0=T0)
except NotImplementedError:
return np.nan
[docs]
def calc_vol(self, T0=None):
try:
return v_mix_ph(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule, T0=T0)
except NotImplementedError:
return np.nan
[docs]
def v_func(self, k, **kwargs):
self.residual[k] = self.calc_vol(T0=self.T.val_SI) * self.m.val_SI - self.v.val_SI
[docs]
def v_deriv(self, k, **kwargs):
if self.m.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.m.J_col] = self.calc_vol(T0=self.T.val_SI)
if self.p.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.p.J_col] = dv_mix_dph(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data) * self.m.val_SI
if self.h.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.h.J_col] = dv_mix_pdh(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data) * self.m.val_SI
[docs]
def v_ref_func(self, k, **kwargs):
ref = self.v_ref.ref
self.residual[k] = (
self.calc_vol(T0=self.T.val_SI) * self.m.val_SI
- (ref.obj.calc_vol(T0=ref.obj.T.val_SI) * ref.obj.m.val_SI * ref.factor + ref.delta_SI)
)
[docs]
def v_ref_deriv(self, k, **kwargs):
# first part of sum is identical to direct volumetric flow specification
self.v_deriv(k, **kwargs)
ref = self.v_ref.ref
if ref.obj.m.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, ref.obj.m.J_col] = -(
ref.obj.calc_vol(T0=ref.obj.T.val_SI) * ref.factor
)
if ref.obj.p.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, ref.obj.p.J_col] = -(
dv_mix_dph(ref.obj.p.val_SI, ref.obj.h.val_SI, ref.obj.fluid_data)
* ref.obj.m.val_SI * ref.factor
)
if ref.obj.h.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, ref.obj.h.J_col] = -(
dv_mix_pdh(ref.obj.p.val_SI, ref.obj.h.val_SI, ref.obj.fluid_data)
* ref.obj.m.val_SI * ref.factor
)
[docs]
def calc_x(self):
try:
return Q_mix_ph(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
except NotImplementedError:
return np.nan
[docs]
def x_func(self, k, **kwargs):
# saturated steam fraction
self.residual[k] = self.h.val_SI - h_mix_pQ(self.p.val_SI, self.x.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
[docs]
def x_deriv(self, k, **kwargs):
if self.p.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.p.J_col] = -dh_mix_dpQ(self.p.val_SI, self.x.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
if self.h.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.h.J_col] = 1
[docs]
def calc_T_sat(self):
try:
return T_sat_p(self.p.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
except NotImplementedError:
return np.nan
[docs]
def calc_Td_bp(self):
try:
return self.calc_T() - T_sat_p(self.p.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
except NotImplementedError:
return np.nan
[docs]
def Td_bp_func(self, k, **kwargs):
# temperature difference to boiling point
self.residual[k] = self.calc_Td_bp() - self.Td_bp.val_SI
[docs]
def Td_bp_deriv(self, k, **kwargs):
if self.p.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.p.J_col] = (
dT_mix_dph(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
- dT_sat_dp(self.p.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
)
if self.h.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.h.J_col] = dT_mix_pdh(
self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data
)
[docs]
def fluid_balance_func(self, k, **kwargs):
residual = 1 - sum(self.fluid.val[f] for f in self.fluid.is_set)
residual -= sum(self.fluid.val[f] for f in self.fluid.is_var)
self.residual[k] = residual
[docs]
def fluid_balance_deriv(self, k, **kwargs):
for f in self.fluid.is_var:
self.jacobian[k, self.fluid.J_col[f]] = -self.fluid.val[f]
[docs]
def calc_s(self):
try:
return s_mix_ph(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule, T0=self.T.val_SI)
except NotImplementedError:
return np.nan
[docs]
def calc_Q(self):
return Q_mix_ph(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI, self.fluid_data)
[docs]
def solve(self, increment_filter):
self._increment_filter = increment_filter
for k, parameter in self.equations.items():
data = self.get_attr(parameter)
data.func(k, **data.func_params)
data.deriv(k, **data.func_params)
[docs]
def calc_results(self):
self.T.val_SI = self.calc_T()
number_fluids = get_number_of_fluids(self.fluid_data)
_converged = True
if number_fluids > 1:
h_from_T = h_mix_pT(self.p.val_SI, self.T.val_SI, self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule)
if abs(h_from_T - self.h.val_SI) > ERR ** .5:
self.T.val_SI = np.nan
self.vol.val_SI = np.nan
self.v.val_SI = np.nan
self.s.val_SI = np.nan
msg = (
"Could not find a feasible value for mixture temperature at "
f"connection {self.label}. The values for temperature, "
"specific volume, volumetric flow and entropy are set to nan."
)
logger.error(msg)
_converged = False
else:
_, Tmax = get_mixture_temperature_range(self.fluid_data)
if self.T.val_SI > Tmax:
msg = (
"The temperature value of the mixture is above the "
"upper temperature limit of a mixture component. The "
"resulting temperature may have larger deviations "
"compared to the tolerance specified in the "
"corresponding substance property library."
)
logger.warning(msg)
else:
try:
if not self.x.is_set:
self.x.val_SI = self.calc_x()
except ValueError:
self.x.val_SI = np.nan
try:
if not self.Td_bp.is_set:
self.Td_bp.val_SI = self.calc_Td_bp()
except ValueError:
self.x.val_SI = np.nan
if _converged:
self.vol.val_SI = self.calc_vol()
self.v.val_SI = self.vol.val_SI * self.m.val_SI
self.s.val_SI = self.calc_s()
for prop in fpd.keys():
self.get_attr(prop).val = convert_from_SI(
prop, self.get_attr(prop).val_SI, self.get_attr(prop).unit
)
self.m.val0 = self.m.val
self.p.val0 = self.p.val
self.h.val0 = self.h.val
self.fluid.val0 = self.fluid.val.copy()
[docs]
def check_pressure_bounds(self, fluid):
if self.p.val_SI > self.fluid.wrapper[fluid]._p_max:
self.p.val_SI = self.fluid.wrapper[fluid]._p_max
logger.debug(self._property_range_message('p'))
elif self.p.val_SI < self.fluid.wrapper[fluid]._p_min:
try:
# if this works, the temperature is higher than the minimum
# temperature, we can access pressure values below minimum
# pressure
self.fluid.wrapper[fluid].T_ph(self.p.val_SI, self.h.val_SI)
except ValueError:
self.p.val_SI = self.fluid.wrapper[fluid]._p_min + 1e1
logger.debug(self._property_range_message('p'))
[docs]
def check_enthalpy_bounds(self, fluid):
# enthalpy
try:
hmin = self.fluid.wrapper[fluid].h_pT(
self.p.val_SI, self.fluid.wrapper[fluid]._T_min + 1e-1
)
except ValueError:
f = 1.05
hmin = self.fluid.wrapper[fluid].h_pT(
self.p.val_SI, self.fluid.wrapper[fluid]._T_min * f
)
if self.h.val_SI < hmin:
if hmin < 0:
self.h.val_SI = hmin * 0.9999
else:
self.h.val_SI = hmin * 1.0001
logger.debug(self._property_range_message('h'))
else:
T = self.fluid.wrapper[fluid]._T_max
while True:
try:
hmax = self.fluid.wrapper[fluid].h_pT(self.p.val_SI, T)
break
except ValueError as e:
T *= 0.99
if T < self.fluid.wrapper[fluid]._T_min:
raise ValueError(e) from e
if self.h.val_SI > hmax:
self.h.val_SI = hmax * 0.9999
logger.debug(self._property_range_message('h'))
[docs]
def check_two_phase_bounds(self, fluid):
if (self.Td_bp.val_SI > 0 or (self.state.val == 'g' and self.state.is_set)):
h = self.fluid.wrapper[fluid].h_pQ(self.p.val_SI, 1)
if self.h.val_SI < h:
self.h.val_SI = h * 1.01
logger.debug(self._property_range_message('h'))
elif (self.Td_bp.val_SI < 0 or (self.state.val == 'l' and self.state.is_set)):
h = self.fluid.wrapper[fluid].h_pQ(self.p.val_SI, 0)
if self.h.val_SI > h:
self.h.val_SI = h * 0.99
logger.debug(self._property_range_message('h'))
[docs]
def check_temperature_bounds(self):
r"""
Check if temperature is within user specified limits.
Parameters
----------
c : tespy.connections.connection.Connection
Connection to check fluid properties.
"""
Tmin = max(
[w._T_min for f, w in self.fluid.wrapper.items() if self.fluid.val[f] > ERR]
) * 1.01
Tmax = min(
[w._T_max for f, w in self.fluid.wrapper.items() if self.fluid.val[f] > ERR]
) * 0.99
hmin = h_mix_pT(self.p.val_SI, Tmin, self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule)
hmax = h_mix_pT(self.p.val_SI, Tmax, self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule)
if self.h.val_SI < hmin:
self.h.val_SI = hmin
logger.debug(self._property_range_message('h'))
if self.h.val_SI > hmax:
self.h.val_SI = hmax
logger.debug(self._property_range_message('h'))
def _property_range_message(self, prop):
r"""
Return debugging message for fluid property range adjustments.
Parameters
----------
c : tespy.connections.connection.Connection
Connection to check fluid properties.
prop : str
Fluid property.
Returns
-------
msg : str
Debugging message.
"""
msg = (
f"{fpd[prop]['text'][0].upper()}{fpd[prop]['text'][1:]} out of "
f"fluid property range at connection {self.label}, adjusting value "
f"to {self.get_attr(prop).val_SI} {fpd[prop]['SI_unit']}."
)
return msg
[docs]
def get_physical_exergy(self, pamb, Tamb):
r"""
Get the value of a connection's specific physical exergy.
Parameters
----------
p0 : float
Ambient pressure p0 / Pa.
T0 : float
Ambient temperature T0 / K.
Note
----
.. math::
e^\mathrm{PH} = e^\mathrm{T} + e^\mathrm{M}\\
E^\mathrm{T} = \dot{m} \cdot e^\mathrm{T}\\
E^\mathrm{M} = \dot{m} \cdot e^\mathrm{M}\\
E^\mathrm{PH} = \dot{m} \cdot e^\mathrm{PH}
"""
self.ex_therm, self.ex_mech = fp.functions.calc_physical_exergy(
self.h.val_SI, self.s.val_SI, self.p.val_SI, pamb, Tamb,
self.fluid_data, self.mixing_rule, self.T.val_SI
)
self.Ex_therm = self.ex_therm * self.m.val_SI
self.Ex_mech = self.ex_mech * self.m.val_SI
self.ex_physical = self.ex_therm + self.ex_mech
self.Ex_physical = self.m.val_SI * self.ex_physical
[docs]
def get_chemical_exergy(self, pamb, Tamb, Chem_Ex):
r"""
Get the value of a connection's specific chemical exergy.
Parameters
----------
p0 : float
Ambient pressure p0 / Pa.
T0 : float
Ambient temperature T0 / K.
Chem_Ex : dict
Lookup table for standard specific chemical exergy.
Note
----
.. math::
E^\mathrm{CH} = \dot{m} \cdot e^\mathrm{CH}
"""
if Chem_Ex is None:
self.ex_chemical = 0
else:
self.ex_chemical = fp.functions.calc_chemical_exergy(
pamb, Tamb, self.fluid_data, Chem_Ex, self.mixing_rule,
self.T.val_SI
)
self.Ex_chemical = self.m.val_SI * self.ex_chemical
[docs]
class Ref:
r"""
A reference object is used to reference (unknown) properties of connections
to other connections.
For example, reference the mass flow of one connection :math:`\dot{m}` to
another mass flow :math:`\dot{m}_{ref}`:
.. math::
\dot{m} = \dot{m}_\mathrm{ref} \cdot \mathrm{factor} + \mathrm{delta}
Parameters
----------
obj : tespy.connections.connection.Connection
Connection to be referenced.
factor : float
Factor to multiply specified property with.
delta : float
Delta to add after multiplication.
"""
def __init__(self, ref_obj, factor, delta):
if not isinstance(ref_obj, Connection):
msg = 'First parameter must be object of type connection.'
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
if not (isinstance(factor, int) or isinstance(factor, float)):
msg = 'Second parameter must be of type int or float.'
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
if not (isinstance(delta, int) or isinstance(delta, float)):
msg = 'Thrid parameter must be of type int or float.'
logger.error(msg)
raise TypeError(msg)
self.obj = ref_obj
self.factor = factor
self.delta = delta
self.delta_SI = None
msg = (
f"Created reference object with factor {self.factor} and delta "
f"{self.delta} referring to connection {ref_obj.label}"
)
logger.debug(msg)
[docs]
def get_attr(self, key):
r"""
Get the value of a reference attribute.
Parameters
----------
key : str
The attribute you want to retrieve.
Returns
-------
out :
Specified attribute.
"""
if key in self.__dict__:
return self.__dict__[key]
else:
msg = 'Reference has no attribute \"' + key + '\".'
logger.error(msg)
raise KeyError(msg)